At the bottom of the oceans, the lowest level of the ocean waters, submarine volcanoes are found. They erupt periodically, but also phenomena similar to others that accompany terrestrial volcanoes, such as submarine geysers, can be found and are called hydrothermal vents (hot vents) or black smokers. The submarine vents, linked to the submarine volcanic activity, trigger an unusual life abundance on the bottom of the ocean, at depths of 800-3,500 m (2,660-10,366 ft) in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans, but also in the Red Sea. In these areas, animal communities emerge, formed of gigantic species, if we compare them to their counterparts at the surface. These animals are usually de-pigmented, white (but not necessarily) and blind, even if some worms and bivalves can be bright red due to the respiratory pigment hemoglobin.

Clear water, rare plants make Shealy’s Pond special

From the bug-eating pitcher plants and the old stand of rare Atlantic white cedar to the crystal-clear water of the former mill pond, wonders abound at Shealy's Pond Heritage Preserve.

Shealy's Pond is what the state's Heritage Trust system is all about — setting aside special areas to protect threatened resources. Boiling Springs Road near Edmund might not seem all that special, lined by a few rolling farm fields and lots of manufactured houses. Then the road dips into the shallow valley cut by Scouter Branch.

New Study Paves Way For Using Nanofluids In Cameras, Microdevices And ...

Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have demonstrated that liquids embedded with nanoparticles show enhanced performance and stability when exposed to electric fields. The finding could lead to new types of miniature camera lenses, cell phone displays, and other microscale fluidic devices.

"This study may open up a new vista for using nanofluids in microscale and nanoscale actuator device applications," said Theodorian Borca-Tasciuc, a professor of mechanical engineering at Rensselaer, who led the research project.

The manipulation of small volumes of liquid is critical for fluidic digital display devices, optical devices, and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) such as lab-on-chip analysis systems. Most research into such systems has been conducted with regular liquids, but not nanofluids, which are liquids embedded with different nanoparticles.

No-cost solutions in the antispam ecosystem

Like the rising cost of postage stamps, increasing complexity in e-mail is inevitable. In the early, halcyon days of the Internet, SMTP connections flowed like a mountain spring and mail filters were used solely for mail organization. Now, the water is brackish, and mail filters are an absolute necessity.